Many dogs become fearful and timid because of a lack of socialization, abuse or neglect, being separated from mom too early, or some triggering situation. A dog will exhibit subtle or obvious signs if we know what to look for. Obvious signs are trembling, cowering, tail- clamping (tucking). Other less obvious signs are when a dog will refuse a tasty treat or toy, disengagement by shutting down, turning away, sniffing the ground, yawning, averting the eyes, or maintaining a stiff/frozen posture. If you have adopted a dog that seems to do okay in your living room without these signs, then the dog is said to be under threshold. A dog can only learn when his environment is under that invisible limit. It takes time and patience to expand your dog's threshold. If your pup is fearful of the vacuum cleaner, practice a couple of easy commands or tricks in the room without the vacuum. Next have the vacuum out, but just sitting at the far end of the room. Let your dog notice it and look, then toss a treat away from the vacuum to help redirect the dog. Ask him to do a couple of things at that safe distance. The next day, repeat this but have someone stand by the vacuum, perhaps push it a couple of feet, without turning it on or coming toward the dog. Try to engage your dog in some gentle play and ignoring the fearful object. On the third day, toss a few treats in front of the dog, requiring him to move slightly closer to the still vacuum. Now stand next to the vacuum and toss treats toward your pup. If your dog steps forward and takes the treats, praise him well and make that the stopping point. Whatever it is that makes your dog "over threshold" and unable to engage with you, that is what we need to work up to slowly. Be aware of any sudden change in your dog that indicates fear, and back up until he can focus and take a treat again. If you have a dog that is confident, have that dog go up to the vacuum (or other scary thing) and play next to it or get treats there, while your fearful pup watches. Some dogs can progress more quickly, but if you see the fear returning, start at the beginning to reinforce their confidence. Keep an upbeat and encouraging tone, and reward small successes. Do not scold, force, or punish your dog as this will only increase his anxiety.
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